Understanding Drag and Drop Operations in Delphi

To drag and drop is to hold down the computer mouse button as the mouse is moved, and then release the button to drop the object. Delphi makes it easy to program dragging and dropping into applications. You can really drag and drop from/to wherever you like, like from one form to another, or from Windows Explorer to your application. Dragging and Dropping Example Start up a new project and put one image control on a form. Use Object Inspector to load a picture (Picture property) and then set the DragMode property to dmManual. Well create a program that will allow moving a TImage control runtime using the drag and drop technique. DragMode Components permit two types of dragging: automatic and manual. Delphi uses the DragMode property to control when the user is able to drag the control. The default value this property is dmManual, which means that dragging components around the application is not allowed, except under special circumstances, for which we have to write the appropriate code. Regardless of the setting for the DragMode property, the component will move only if the correct code is written to reposition it. OnDragDrop The event that recognizes dragging and dropping is called the OnDragDrop event. We use it to specify what we want to happen when the user drops an object. Therefore, if we want to move a component (image) to a new location on a form, we have to write code for the forms OnDragDrop event handler. The Source parameter of the OnDragDrop event is the object being dropped. The type of the source parameter is TObject. To access its properties, we have to cast it to the correct component type, which in this example is TImage. Accept We have to use the forms OnDragOver event to signal that the form can accept the TImage control we want to drop on it. Although the Accept parameter defaults to True, if an OnDragOver event handler is not supplied, the control rejects the dragged object (as if the Accept parameter was changed to False). Run your project, and try dragging and dropping your image. Notice that the image remains visible in its original location while the drag mouse pointer moves. We cannot use the OnDragDrop procedure to make the component invisible while the dragging takes place because this procedure is called only after the user drops the object (if at all). DragCursor If you want to change the cursor image presented when the control is being dragged, use the DragCursor property. The possible values for the DragCursor property are the same as those for the Cursor property. You can use animated cursors or whatever you like, like a BMP image file or a CUR cursor file. BeginDrag If DragMode is dmAutomatic, dragging begins automatically when we press a mouse button with the cursor on the control. If youve left the value of TImages DragMode property at its default of dmManual, you have to use BeginDrag/EndDrag methods to allow dragging of the component. A more common way to drag and drop is to set DragMode to dmManual and start the dragging by handling mouse-down events. Now, well use the CtrlMouseDown keyboard combination to allow dragging to take place. Set TImages DragMode back to dmManual and write the MouseDown event handler like this: BeginDrag takes a Boolean parameter. If we pass True (like in this code), dragging begins immediately; if False, it doesnt start until we move the mouse a short distance. Remember that it requires the Ctrl key.

The Concerns of Internet Censorship Essays - 4130 Words

The Concerns of Internet Censorship As a professional Internet publisher and avid user of the Internet, I have become concerned with laws like the Communications Decency Act of 1996 (CDA) that censor free speech on the Internet. By approving the CDA, Congress has established a precedent which condones censorship regulations for the Internet similar to those that exist for traditional broadcast media. Treating the Internet like broadcast media is a grave mistake because the Internet is unlike any information medium that has been created. My concerns about Internet censorship prompted me to write Internet Censorship is Absurd and Unconstitutional. In the essay, I outline why I believe that the Internet should not be censored in any†¦show more content†¦Though the laws that Congress are proposing to regulate the Internet are well intentioned, I strongly believe that the Internet should not be censored because any law encroaching on the people’s right to free speech is a obvious breach of First Amendment rights and because laws limiting Internet speech are too broad and unenforceable on this global medium. To understand why legislators are attempting to censor the Internet despite the fact that it is absurd and Unconstitutional, one must first understand how the Internet came to be and how it conceptually works. According to Internet historian Dave Kristula, the first inklings of the Internet began in the United States in 1969 as a network of four servers called the APRANET. ARPA (the Advanced Research Projects Agency), a division of the Department of Defense, created the ARPANET for military research so that the information on the network would be decentralized and could survive a nuclear strike. The network continued to grow in size and speed as technology increased over the next two decades. Standards began to set in such as the TCP/IP protocol for network transmission of data. By 1990 the HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) had been created to standardize the way in which Internet documents are sent and received (Kristula). By 1994, the APRANET was disbanded, and the Internet became a public network connecting more than 3,000,000 computers together worldwide. CommercialShow MoreRelatedThe Invention Of The World Wide Web1674 Words   |  7 Pagesconstantly brought up wondering how safe the internet is for the users. Those users ranging from businesses that use the web to gather consumers to the casual user who roams leisurely through the web for various reasons. In this day and age where the web is such an essential part of life, there are many concerns with who controls the web, who and what people post on the web, and filtering the web and not allowing users to view certain pages among other concerns. These issues do not seem to be going awayRead MoreImportance Of Censorship In Society1406 Words   |  6 PagesCensorship is beneficial to our nation because it keeps harmful activity out of children’s minds, protects our country, and prevents children from seeing offensive language, while censor ship is also harmful to our culture because it invades privacy. I believe censorship is necessary, especially in the social media world we live in today. Censorship is the suppression or prohibition of any parts of books, films, news, etc. that are considered obscene, politically unacceptable, or a threat to securityRead MoreCensorship Is Not Limited Repressive Regimes Or Network Television?1522 Words   |  7 PagesCensorship is not limited to repressive regimes or network television. Weather we know it or not censorship is happening all the time throughout the day. We censor ourselves, we listen to censored music and as students we see the internet being heavily censored in school. The Children’s Internet Protection Act (CIPA) was signed into law in 2000; the law requires any public schools or library to filter any inappropriate content from the computers being used by minors. Since the law has been put inRead MoreInternet Censorship and Government Regulation Essay1058 Words   |  5 PagesThese days the internet has become an essential part to living for almost everyone but one of the controversial topics that people brin g up is that whether or not the government should regulate information on the internet. Both sides have valid points which form a reasonable argument. Some people would say that they need to because of the dangers lurking around in the cyber world but the reasons for why the government shouldn’t regulate the Internet outnumber the reasons for why they should. TheRead MoreInternet Censorship in China Essay937 Words   |  4 Pagesamong numerous other sites, regularly. The internet is open and uncensored for the most part, other than parental controls. In China, most, if not all of those types of sites are or have been blocked. As in, you could not go to them, unless you found some way around the web filters and firewalls the Chinese government runs in their country. While China defends their practice of internet censorship, based on â€Å"protecting† the people, heavy internet censorship is a block to free speech and impedes economicRead MoreCensorship in the US Ess ay1136 Words   |  5 Pagestheir children view indecencies on the Internet and television, and the government should control the obscenities on the Internet. Others believe that it is the parent’s responsibility to control and censor what their children are watching on the Internet and television. Censorship is the suppression of publishing information on the Internet or television (Naik). The government blocks only the content that is proved to be unfit for the public. Censorship is only used to a certain extent in theRead More Cyberspace Hate Propaganda and Internet Censorship Essay1244 Words   |  5 PagesCyberhate - Hate Propaganda and Internet Censorship The Internet is an ideal medium for hate groups, such as neo-Nazis, because of the mass exposure, inexpensiveness, uncensored nature and ease of publishing offered. The Internet allows hate groups to target a broad audience: impressionable children are the most vulnerable. Attempts at censorship fail because of the international nature of the Internet, and to a lesser extent, free speech contentions. Instead, the freedom of speech exercisedRead More Internet Censorship Isnt Necessary Essay1283 Words   |  6 PagesInternet Censorship Isnt Necessary    Fear of chaos cannot justify unwarranted censorship of free speech (Quittner). This quotation came from a speech made by Vice President Al Gore, who was addressing the graduating class of 1996 from The Massachusetts Institute of Technology. This quotation expresses his viewpoint on this subject of censorship. Censorship has always been an issue in the world. What exactly is censorship? A censor is one who is authorized to examine books, films, orRead MoreBehind the Stop Online Piracy Act Bill (SOPA): Copyright, Censorhip, and Free Speech1539 Words   |  7 PagesBehind SOPA: Copyright, Censorship and Free speech At the beginning of 2012, a series of coordinated protests occurred online and offline against Stop Online Piracy Act Bill (SOPA) that expands U.S. law enforcement’s ability to combat online copyright infringement. As this protest involved many influential websites like Google and Wikipedia, it certainly draws national attention on SOPA. Whether censorship should be used online against online materials infringing property rights, as included inRead MoreCensorship Of The World Wide Web1326 Words   |  6 Pagesmany concerns for government authorities. Sharing information is a powerful tool, and too much of it will make any government nervous. Censorship of information has had a long history throughout the world. In ancient China for example, censorship was considered a legitimate instrument for regulating the moral and political life of the population (Newth). Even today, the Chinese government has full authority to censor anything on the web. Western societies also have a long history of censorship. The

The Restaurant that I’m Going to Own Free Essays

It has always sounded extraordinary exiting to me to build my own restaurant. I can picture in my mind exactly how it would look and feel to my customers. I will be able to put my personality into my restaurant. We will write a custom essay sample on The Restaurant that I’m Going to Own or any similar topic only for you Order Now I am thinking now about my restaurant’s interior, exterior, and, of course, menu. The interior of the restaurant that I am going to own its going to be big and spacious with an extra room for special events. It’s going to have nature decorations like plants, flowers, and fruits. It’s going to have nature colors like light brown, dark brown, green (gardenia green color). It’s going to have a light hardwood floor that will make the costumer feel very comfortable, the music that will be played its going to be relaxing instrumental music and live music on Saturday nights. It will have three different sizes of tables like 4 people tables, 6 people table and group tables ( 10 -12 chairs). The waiters are going to wear a comfortable uniform that will represent the restaurant colors. The exterior of my future restaurant it going to have a big and decorative sign that will be visible from long distance. It will be located in front of the beach and the walls are going to be made of wood and bamboo with the nature color of them, the roof will be made as a Hawaiian style. The principal door will be made of bamboo with a small glass window. Its decoration will represent an exotic Hawaiian style with a lot of leafs and flowers, and a beautiful fountain, and a big palm tree in front of the restaurant that will give to the customers the feeling of being in an island. It’s going to have a big parking lot for the customers and another one for the staff. We are going to offer a delicious and exquisite menu to our customers, offering Hawaiian food and exotic beverages. There will be a variety of Hawaiian food in our menu like Kalua Pork, Hawaiian BBQ Chicken, Saimin, Seafood, Salads, Mahi Mahi Burger, and much more. The prices will vary on the menu, but they will be affordable for everyone who wants to enjoy of our Hawaiian menu. Our main dishes will be the Kalua Pork, Hawaiian Chicken Teriyaki, steamed rice, vegetables, and salad. We will have some variety of dessert like ice cream, Lime Jello Cheesecake, Pies, and exotic fruits. Our menu will include free water and a delicious variety of appetizers that will make the customers feel happy to be in our restaurant. I have enjoyed preparing to construct my own restaurant. Of course, it is a lot of work, but it is overall a completely enjoyable experience. I hope everyone can find something they love to do as I have. How to cite The Restaurant that I’m Going to Own, Papers

Supply And Demand Of Durian In Malaysia †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Supply And Demand Of Durian In Malaysia. Answer: Introduction Durian is one of the most favored tropical fruits in the world. Durian production is mostly found in Southeast Asian countries especially in countries enjoying tropical climate such as Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand and Philippines. This is a fruit, which is green to brown in color, round in shape and covered completely with sharp thrones. This has a variety of uses. In addition to direct consumption, processed durian is used into pastilles, jams, for flavoring cakes, ice cream and rolls.The edible part of durian is frozen and packed in polystyrene trays. Durian is of great economic importance in these countries because of its value in domestic and export market. The derived export potential is realized from environmental differences between countries leading to diversified fruit schedule among countries. The widely extended export market especially that of Asia opens up high opportunity for durian industry. The essay critically discusses durian industry in Malaysia. The short run and long run supply and demand of durian in Malaysia is discussed. Today China constitutes a high demand for Malaysian Durian. Many tourists from China visit Malaysia to taste Durian. The rapidly growing demand of durian in China it one of largest importer of Durians from Malaysia. Durian Industry in Malaysia Durian supply Except Singapore almost all Southeast Asian countries produces Durians. The marketing of durian in these countries focus both on the local and international market to meet domestic and international demand. In terms of volume of production,Malaysia stands second, next after Thailand (Amekawa et al., 2017). In off-season when there is shortage of durian supply in Malaysia then it imports Durian from Thailand to fulfill domestic demand. In order to have fully grown durian it needs one to two months for flowers to develop into fully fruit. Durian is produced in different regions of Malaysia. In West Malaysia, there are two seasons for fruiting. It is grown during south west and north east monsoon or both. In West Malaysia the supply of durian is divided into three region. North Region The north region zone covers states like Kedah, Penang, Perils and northern Perak. These states have wet weather during August to November and a dry weather is realized during December to February. The flowering timing in these regions is January to March. A short dry spell in June often gives a second flowering season during July or August. However, this depends on locality and intensity. In the north region the main durian harvesting season is June July. Some local areas as in Seberang Jaya has harvesting season in the late of April. In the Penang Island and some of the eastern region the harvesting seasons starts in May (Arshad Hameed, 2014). In this crop cycle it peaks in July and ends up in August. The durian season in Northern Peraks is generally in June. West, Central and South Region These region comprise southern Perak, Negeri Sembilan, Pahang, Johore, Selangor and Malacca. There are two dry spells in these regions. One is during January February for two three weeks and the other is from October to December. As a result, there are two flowering seasons- February to April and July to September. There are two fruit seasons as well. One is from June to August. The other is for a relatively small period of December-January (Daud Mokhtar, 2017). The main regions in these zones are BalikPulau in Penang, Jasin in Malacca, BatuPahat in Johore, Parit, BatangPedangin Perak and Kuala Kangsar. There is one durian season in Jerantut. This is in December- January. The East Coast The east coast is expanded from Kelantan in north and stretch to down through Terengganu and include the coastal areas of Pahang to Kota Tinggi in Johore. In the east coast region, durians are grown only in one season. July to September is the main season for Durian harvesting here with flowering season being in between March and June. In the first half of North East Monsoon, there is a wet weather. The duration of north east monsoon is from October to January. The weather is moderately dry in the rest of the year. In the east Malaysia, the durian season extended between June and August. In Sabah, there is a relatively small durian season in November and December (Masrol et al., 2017). The durians produced in these two states of east Malaysia are mainly used for meeting local demand. These two states do not export. The estimated production of durians in the last decade was 128,555 metric tons, which rose to 180,715 metric tons. The estimated area for durian plantation is 48,000 in 1988. The increasing demand for tropical fruit requires more land to be brought under cultivation. In order to increases supply in the long runthe estimated land area has increased to 68,000 hector (Krishnen et al., 2016). However, increasing area under cultivation is not sufficient for raising the durians. The harvests depends on the amount of rainfall and other natural factor. When supply fell short of demand, then price automatically goes up. Recently, Malaysia faces a problem of supply shortage for durians. The low harvest is the result of heavy rainfall. The harvest regions are not receiving high rainfall. This hampers durian production. The reduced supply of durians given its demand directly affect the price. The domestic consumer now facing excessive price hike. One popular category of durian is Musang King Durian, locally known as Mao Shan Wang has been sold at a recorded high price of RM100 per kg. Because of wet weather condition, durian trees find it difficult to bear flowers. Bearing flowers requires dry weather for at least one month or two. The farmers are worried as harvesting cannot be improved even using fertilizer. The Chemical fertilizer cannot resolve the problem of unfavorable weat her condition. Durian demand The Malaysian Durians are exported worldwide. Apart from domestic demand, there is high demand of durian export. The producers and exporters of Durians in Malaysia mainly target the European market. From the side of market demand, the largest demand are coming from United Kingdom. France and Germany follow UK in terms of demand (Chamhuri Batt, 2015). Today China constitutes huge demand for Durian. China becomes one of the largest importers of durian in these days. China imported nearly 299 thousand tones Durian from Malaysia and Thailand. This figure does not include durian paste and other products. The amount nearly equal to the entire production of Malaysian Durian. In China, Durian ranks fourth in Chinas fruit import. The import demand raises at an annual growth rate of 12 percent and the valuation increases by 31 percent (www.themalaysianinsight.com, 2017). The growing demand from China encourages farmers in Malaysia to export to Chinas market. Many tourist from China come Malaysia and visits farm there. Recently, farmers in Singapore report that Malaysian farmers are exporting a major share of their production to China. This creates difficulty for Singapore Durian lovers. Tourists from China visits Malaysian market and buy the king of fruit (www.thesundaily.my, 2017). Demand and supply forces in the market determine the market price. When demand exceeds supply then price increases. This is what happens in the market for Durian. Increasing competition for durian is creating upward pressure on prices. As Malaysia now imports more of their harvested durians to China, sellers in Singapore face a supply shortage because of reduced supply of imported durians. The low supply makes durians more expensive in Singapore. With this share of Singapore in the Durian market of Malaysia is might be shrinking. The demand boost in China also affects the domestic price of durian in Malaysia. Farmers in Malaysia are now more interested to export their produced and increases their earnings. As more durians are exportedabroad, the domestic market faces a shortage of supply and buyers has to pay a high price in Malaysia. Price of Durians in Malaysia has increased to an abnormally high level. The best variety of durians worldwide, Musang King is sold at a price of RM90 per kg in June from a range of RM60 RM 68 per kg in April. The other factor responsible for high price is the off-season of production. However, last year this time price was RM-50. The durian price is determined by the factor of demand and season. Thailand Hong Xia is another popular type of Durian. The price of this variety is only RM30 per kg (www.producereport.com, 2017). The relatively low price of this variety is because of the relatively low demand. Usually, Durian are available in West Malaysia in May to August. However, t his year Malaysia has to wait for a comparatively long period until November because of heavy rain. The volume of export of Durians is expected to go beyond 70 million RM. China alone is responsible for majority of export from Malaysia. Last year durian export volume was 60 million RM, a figure higher than RM 33 million compared to the previous year. The Chairman of FAMA encourages the orchard owners to raise their production in response to high demand in the overseas market. The demand for Musang King Durian is the highest. Therefore, the farmers are encouraged to plant thus variety of fruit. In order to maintain balance between supply and demand Malaysia develops a supply chain management. The industry faces intense competition resulted from saturation of market, concentration of the market share, elimination of entry and trade barriers (Wei, 2016). The nation gives focus on developing uninterrupted relationship buyers and suppliers in the supply chain. The durian tour to Malaysia reflects the possibility that durian farmers in Malaysia can earn a high income if they can divide into export market and supply the locally produced high quality. The natural monopoly power of tropical fruit can benefits the farmers largely if can be reaped properly. Conclusion The essay critically examines the durian industry in Malaysia. Durian is tropical fruit, which is highly demanded worldwide. The price of a good depends on the forces of supply and demand. The supply and demand situation of durian industry in Malaysia has evaluated. Durian is highly grown Southeast Asia nations. Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia and Philippines are top four producers of durians. In Malaysia, Durians are produced in different regions. The regions are broadly categorized as northern region, east coastal region and west, south and central region. The durians in Malaysia are not only used to meet domestic demand and bust also heavily exported. China recently import the lion share of durian grown in Malaysia. The increasing import of China from Malaysia creates a supply shortage in Malaysia and raise prices in the home country. Buyers of durians in Singapore also faces problem of high price because of reduced volume of import from Malaysia. However, the natural monopoly of Ma laysia in Durian supply can bring high income for farmers in near future. References Agriculture industry must step up to meet Chinese durian demands | The Malaysian Insight. (2017).Themalaysianinsight.com. Retrieved 19 November 2017, from https://www.themalaysianinsight.com/s/21398/ Amekawa, Y., Ng, C. C., Lumayag, L. A., Tan, G. H., Wong, C. S., Abdulrauf, B., ... Chee, J. L. (2017). Producers' perceptions of public good agricultural practices and their pesticide use: The case of MyGAP for durian farming in Pahang, Malaysia.Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development,7(1), 1. Arshad, F. M., Hameed, A. A. A. (2014). Price transmission in selected Malaysian fruits markets.American Journal of Applied Sciences,11(3), 347. Chamhuri, N., Batt, P. J. (2015). Consumer perceptions of food quality in Malaysia.British Food Journal,117(3), 1168-1187. Daud, W. N., Mokhtar, S. J. (2017). 3 Landuse for Agriculture in Malaysia.Soils of Malaysia. Durian prices spike as harvest drops. (2017).Thesundaily.my. Retrieved 19 November 2017, from https://www.thesundaily.my/news/2017/07/09/durian-prices-spike-harvest-drops Frozen Malaysian Durians a Success Story in China Market | China Fresh Fruit and Produce News. (2017).Producereport.com. Retrieved 19 November 2017, from https://www.producereport.com/article/frozen-malaysian-durians-success-story-china-market Krishnen, G., Noor, M. R. M., Jack, A., Haron, S. (2016). Research, Development and Commercialisation of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms in Malaysia. InAgriculturally Important Microorganisms(pp. 149-166). Springer Singapore. Masrol, S. R., Ibrahim, M. H. I., Adnan, S., Saadon, A. M., Sukarno, K. I., Yusoff, M. F. H. (2017, August). Soda-Anthraquinone Durian (Durio Zibethinus Murr.) Rind Linerboard and Corrugated Medium Paper: A Preliminary Test. InIOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering(Vol. 226, No. 1, p. 012174). IOP Publishing. Wei, J. L. S. (2016). A Policy Review of the Agricultural Sector from The Second to the Ninth Malaysia Plans.Journal of Alternative Perspectives in the Social Sciences,7(3).

Rise of Nationalism

Introduction Nationalism can be defined as the attitude or feeling that people from a given nation have in regard to their national identity or the actions taken by people of a particular nation in an effort to establish their identity and self determination (Anonymous, 2001).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Rise of Nationalism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Nationalism has various effects to the people involved and this paper looks into the effects of nationalism on the roles of the working class, women, and minorities in an effort to achieve political power through both peaceful and violent revolutions during the period of 1789-1871 and the implications of the changing roles in various countries in Western Europe. Background Information Nationalism was a concept that existed in most parts of Europe and is considered to be very important in the history and development of Europe to the current state. I t is considered to be primarily a phenomenon of Western Europe. It started in Germany and was later adopted in Italy, France, Spain and England. There was the formation of many nationalistic and socialistic political parties in places like Spain, Romania, Germany and Italy among other places. Most of the parties however were not very successful and failed after a short time with some exception of those in places like Italy and Germany. This is as a result of use of violence by most of the parties a practice that led to intervention by law enforcers where actions were taken to stop the parties’ activities as they were considered a threat to the society. Many revolutions were involved in the spread of nationalism ideologies, for instance, the French revolution and more revolutions kept on emerging the most notable one being those that took place in 1848 (Leoussi, 2001). How The Rise Of Nationalism Affected The Efforts Of The Working Class, Women, And Minorities To Achieve Polit ical Power By Both Peaceful And Violent Revolution During The Period Of 1789-1871 The rise of nationalism had both positive and negative effects to the nations in which it was experienced. This was mostly seen in different people in the society in their efforts to attain political power for instance those who held different working positions, women and also the minorities in the nations. The political power was meant to be achieved through peaceful revolutions and also through revolutions where some violence was involved.Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The French revolution of 1789 marked the beginning of the effects of nationalism in Europe. Liberal nationalism brought about the issue of right to vote. The right to vote and get political power through election was only granted to the working men or those who owned property. In most instances, women were reduced to the level o f minors and were expected to respect and work under the authority of men such as their husbands and fathers. The women were also given the roles of mothers and protecting the health of family and faced a lot of bad treatment for instance beatings, torture, rape and even sometimes murder. This led to the formation of opposition movements by the women and the men who owned no property throughout the nineteenth century and in the early years of the twentieth century. The movements were aimed at fighting for equal political powers and rights (Chimisso, 2003). Nationalism also affected the minorities as it became a critical political aspect in which everyone in the nations was interested especially in regard to fighting for political rights and powers. As opposed to the traditional way where the minority ethnic groups sought to preserve and keep for themselves their attributes for instance in regard to political, cultural, religious and even linguistic practices they now had the urge to join efforts by coming together so as to fight for their rights and privileges in the nations. They became aware of the importance of attaining political autonomy and the creation of distinct and independent nation-states and hence they fought for the same although it was not granted immediately since the European integration lessened the opportunity and chances for separate statehood and transfer from one state to another. However, there have been many parties formed by the minority and they have had a major impact on the territorial organization of sovereign states in Europe especially Western Europe as they have become very strong and successful and their presence cannot be ignored or underemphasized (Musgrave, 2000). Although the effects of nationalism in Europe seemed to be positive at the beginning of the various revolutions, there were negative impacts that were associated with it and towards the end of the ninetieth century, the ideologies of nationalism seemed to have lost their positive motives and the energies they had in the beginning. Most of the nationalist movements and groups had conflicts and could not tolerate each other and chances of war among them were very high at all times (Anonymous, 2009). The Changing Roles of the Working Class, Women, and Minorities during this Period There are notable changes in the roles of different people in the society for instance the minorities, the women and the working class during the period in which nationalism took place and also thereafter as they all became enlightened and were aware of their social, economic and most importantly the political rights and could hence fight for them whenever they were denied through the movements and unions they had established and developed.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Rise of Nationalism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The women were rated very low in status and they were discriminate d in many aspect of life including cultural, social, and political fields. The role of women towards the end of the eighteenth century to the end of the nineteenth century changed drastically and they became more important and public as opposed to when they were associated only with domestic affairs like marriages, child bearing, and taking care of their husband and family and nothing of public importance. They also had very limited freedom on matters of political and economic essence as they could also not be involved in economic issues or activities that would generate some income for them or even secure job opportunities in the major fields of the economy in their respective countries. They also had no right to vote or acquire property even after marriage and were liable to beatings from their husbands as they were considered subordinate to them and hence under their control. Nationalism brought with it some form of independence to the women and their domestic responsibilities ch anged along with their economic independence. The women could now demand greater political presence to compliment their raised social standards. They could also secure job employment and deal with both the domestic and office responsibilities which were not permitted in earlier centuries. The role of the minorities including the refugees and the small ethnic groups also changed significantly as they now had a voice in the affairs of the nations as opposed to when their rights were denied and faced discrimination from the majorities. Their power was based on their unity through the groups, movements and parties they formed as a means through which they could demand for their rights. They now could have voting rights and enjoy other political rights and privileges as they became actively involved in the nation’s activities. The roles of the working class and the men did not change greatly as in the first place they also had political freedom and the only change here was to acce pt that the minorities and the women had also gained power and freedom. Implications of the Changing Roles in Different Countries The changing roles of the women, the minorities and even the working class were not without implications in the different countries or nations where nationalism was experienced. The general implications of the changing roles of different people in the society were attainment of some degree of equality among the men, women and the minority where everybody archived some form of social and political freedom and could therefore not be undermined by the majority in any way. It also led to increased productivity in the different countries as everyone became actively involved in the activities that led to development in the economic, social and political sectors of the nation. There was also added pressures to the governing forces as they had to incorporate the political changes especially the running of the new formed nation-states into the central structure of the government (Chimisso, 2003).Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Reference List Anonymous (2001). Nationalism. Retrieved from https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/nationalism/ Anonymous (2009). Nationalism in Europe. Web. Chimisso, C. (2003). Exploring European Identities. New York: Open University Worldwide Ltd. Leoussi, S.A. (2001). Encyclopedia of Nationalism. London: Transaction Publishers. Musgrave, D.T. (2000). Self- Determination and National Minorities. New York: Oxford University Press. This research paper on Rise of Nationalism was written and submitted by user Lilandra to help you with your own studies. 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Evita Peron essays

Evita Peron essays My name is Evita Peron. I was born in Argentina on May 7th 1919. My father, who was rich, never married my mother and he left when I was very young. That hurt me a lot. When I was growing up my family was very poor. I went to school and liked poetry and singing. When I was fifteen years old I met a singer named Agustin Magaldi and fell in love with him. He took me to the capital of Argentina, which is Buenos Aires. I became an actress but I was still very poor and I hated rich people. I started to get better parts in movies and television and I changed my image. I started to dress better I wore my hair in a bun. In 1944, I met General Juan Domingo Peron at a festival. He worked for the government as Secretary of Labor. He was very tall and handsome. He was a very smart person. We started to date and he offered me a job in the government. We fell in love and moved into a very big apartment in a very rich area. One of the most famous designers made my beautiful dresses and suits. As soon as I started to work in the government I began to help workers in forming unions. I learned a lot from Peron and followed his ideas. Many people did not agree with them. In 1945 Peron was arrested. Some people hated us. Finally, when he was set free we got married. Peron wanted to become the President of Argentina and I helped him with that. I talked to the workers at the unions and I became very powerful. Even though Peron was very rich and I was his wife, rich people never accepted me because I came from a very poor family. Peron finally became President and I started my foundation. I started to help the poor like nobody else had done it before. I gave away hundreds of toys and bicycles to poor children and food and sewing machines to the workers. People came to me when they needed help. I visited schools and hospitals. Some people loved me. I was very beautiful and powerful. Some criticized me all the time. ...

Digital Marketing Campaign for SNOW tires Term Paper

Digital Marketing Campaign for SNOW tires - Term Paper Example This campaign will include a sale of a high number of tires to the market. And the end will be to sell 200,000 tires in North America and Europe in the five winters between 2014 and 2018. This will include creating awareness to consumers in USA, Canada and the European Union and also maintain a 20% sale level in the emerging markets. Sales in these emerging markets will be boosted to 200% of primary market sales after 2018. Online marketing is going to be used as the primary system through which the tires are going to be marketed. Therefore, the plan is to provide online marketing to all the consumers and enter the markets through a unique and distinct system and process. SNOWDRIVE is faced with competition from various levels of competitors. First of all, there is the threat of new entrants which includes companies that can manufacture similar types. This is quite unlikely. Fourthly, there are threats of supplier integration which is quite unreal because SNOWDRIVE are the suppliers. Finally, the threat of competitors in the industry is not really harsh since SNOWDRIVE is innovative in its presentation of this unique winter-type of tires. Political: The policies of the United States and Canada as well as the European Union are relevant and this includes importation and taxation rules as well as Internet disclosure processes and regulations. The liberalization of trade means that promotion could be done from a centralized source and process through which the company can sell and market products. However, important federal and EU relating to the advertising of agencies including respect for local laws must be streamlined. 1. Target customer: The primary customers are young members of these developed economies. This should include the younger sections of society who spend more time online. Secondary customers should be the richer and older users of the Internet who have

Huckleberry Finn or Uncle Tom Cabin Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Huckleberry Finn or Uncle Tom Cabin - Essay Example ano)-to a slave trader. Although Emily Shelby despises such an idea as she had assured her maid that her child, in no way , would be sold; Emily's son, George Shelly (Thomas Fritsch), detests to see Tom leaving as he finds him as his great friend and guide. Eliza , on the first impression, appears to be a very weak woman.Eavesdropping on Mr. and Mrs. Shelby she comes to know aabout their plans to sell Tom and Harry, when she resolves to flee with her son. From the film it appears that Eliza's decision comes not from her courage or confidence not to bow down to injustice, but by her fear of losing her onlyliving child (she already lost two children owing to miscarriage). Next we see her leaving the house of Arthur and Eliza Emily Shelby that night, leaving a letter admitting guilt to her mistress. But why should she The answer is to be found in the novel which the film follows strictly. In the novel Stowe portrayed like Eliza, as an as the "ideal Christian"(Athena, 1995). Later critics have observed that Stowe's female characters are often " domestic cliches", weak rather than strong and realistic women(Lowance et al, 1994). Stowe's puritinical values show up in the novels final, overriding subject matter -- the search of the nature of Christinaity and how Christianity goes aginst slavery that also overshadows the film , the theme being most evident when we see Tom insisting St. Clare(O.W. Fisher) to "look away to Jesus" after the death of St. Clare's dearest daughter little Eva ( the white young girl whoTom saves fron drowing down Mississipi river while he is sold and placed on a boat sailing down the and with whom he befriends a young white girl. Augustine St.Clare, the grateful father of Eva, in return, Eva's father, buys Tom from the slave trader and takes him with the family to their home in New Orleans while Tom and Eva starts to come closer owing to the the deep Christian faith they both share). After Tom's death , waxing lyrical about Tom George Shelby, says, "What a thing it is to be a Christian.". Christianity as theme dominating over the novel makes the film appear like a lecture where women are always to be depicited as submissive and yeilding, carinng only to motherhood. Those women who are depicted as Villainous here, are the typse that donot conform to Christianity. For example, the wife of St.Clare (Eleonara Rossi-Drago). After St. Clare is gravely stabbed while trying to stop a fight intervening in a fight Mrs St.Clare breaks her late husband's promise and sells Tom at mart to a brutal plantation owner named Simon Legree( Herbert Lom).Legree , not an indigenous southerner but a relocated Yankee. This very act of Mrs St.Clare suggests that the film has the message that women , if not belonging to the meek, religious values teaching submissio can become ruthlessly cruel to counteract their male partners, in this case the good and sincere St.Clare. We also see

NESTLE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5750 words

NESTLE - Essay Example Nestle sales for 2010 were almost CHF 110 bn (roughly 109 billion US Dollars). It manufactures and sells about 7500 brands in different nutrition and wellness categories. This report provides an analysis and evaluation of the range of alternative aspects related to international entrepreneurship employed by Nestle to influence business activity, by clearly identifying conclusions drawn from the analysis. The paper will give recommendations and suggest areas of further study. The report finds the international business prospects of the company in its current position are positive. The areas of weakness require further investigation and remedial action by management. Introduction Entrepreneurship is a process through which individuals or organizations identify opportunities, allocate resources, and create value.   This creation of value is often through the identification of unmet needs or through the identification of opportunities for change. Entrepreneurs see â€Å"problems† as â€Å"opportunities,† then take action to identify the solutions to those problems and the customers who will pay to have those problems solved. Entrepreneurial success is simply a function of the ability of an entrepreneur to see these opportunities in the marketplace, initiate change (or take advantage of change) and create value through solutions. (Greg). International or Global Business is defined as the exchange of goods and services among individuals and businesses in multiple countries. It is specific entity, such as a multinational corporation or international business company that engages in business among multiple countries. To initiate and expand international business, International marketing is required. International marketing is the process of conceptualizing and then conveying a final product or service worldwide with the hopes of reaching the international marketing community. Proper global marketing has the ability to catapult a company to the next leve l, if they do it correctly. Different strategies are implemented based on the region the company is marketing to. Global /International marketing is especially important to companies that provide products or services that have a universal demand such as automobiles and food.( jetzt). In this backdrop, Nestle is a true International entrepreneur / business. Henri Nestle in Vevey, Switzerland, founded the company in 1866 with headquarters still located there. Company employs around 280000 people and has factories or operations in almost every country in the world. Nestle sales for 2010 were almost CHF 110 bn (roughly 109 billion US Dollars). It manufactures and sells about 7500 brands in different nutrition and wellness categories. (Nestle) .Nestle deals in variety of food, health and nutrition products. Main categories of products include but not limited to Baby Foods, Sports Nutrition, Chocolates, Waters, Coffee, Beverages, Frozen Meals, Ice Cream and Frozen Treats, Imported Foods, Healthcare Nutrition, Pet Foods and Food services worldwide. Creating a global business strategy involves first carrying out an environmental analysis of political, economic, social, and technological trends that are relevant to operating on a global scale. An organization’s mission statement should then reflect this global focus. A mission statement is a relatively short statement outlining the purpose of an organization. It creates a direction for the organization. Having a clear set of objectives enables strategic planners within an organization to develop the plans - strategies that enable the organization to focus on global markets. A key element of this global strategy will be a global

The Work And History Of Green Day Music Essay

The Work And History Of Green Day Music Essay Its something unpredictable, but in the end its right. I hope you had the time of your life. Most people have heard this song on the radio at some point or another as it gets played frequently. This is one of Green Days biggest hits called Good Riddance, from the album Nimrod. Every Green Day fan at some point must have wondered how Green Day went from being a local band filling tiny clubs with a few hundred fans to an international best-selling band filling huge stadiums for their shows. It sure wasnt an easy road. Things were tough in the beginning. They never gave up even though they were hardly making any money for a few years. Green Day had a huge influence on music throughout the 90s, so heres their story. Billie Joe Armstrong was born on February 17, 1972. His father Andy Armstrong played drums in a jazz band and was a truck driver to make money. Five year old Billie Joe began singing in childrens hospitals and old peoples homes to keep them company. He was already developing his musical abilities at such a young age. This marked his entrance into the world of music. Later that year, he recorded his first studio song called Looking for Love. Right before Andy passed away, he bought young Billie a 1956 Fender Stratocaster copy made by Fernandez. This really sparked an interest in the promising musician-to-come. He called this guitar Blue, and he played it till it could be played no more. He really wore this guitar down, and later had copies of it created so he could still use his trademark guitar while playing shows. Next, came along Mike Dirnt on May 4, 1972. His mother was a heroin addict that had separated from his father, so he was adopted soon after birth. He was born with an enlarged mitral valve in his heart, which would cause him to have panic attacks and nervousness later in life. One night, his mother brought home a new guy and he was to be Mikes new step-dad. They never hit it off until Mikes mom moved away. But his sted-dad passed away when Mike was 17, so he moved back in with his mother. Mike was a tall, skinny, energetic kid and was also a class clown. He met Billie Joe in 1983 at school, and the two hit it off because they had a similar sense of humor. They bonded over their love for The Ramones. Mike had been messing around on the guitar, but then switched over to bass. He and Billie Joe wrote their first song together called Best Thing in Town. Both came from very poor families, and they had barely any money to afford records or instruments. The only way for them to hear music w as to play it. So Mike saved up for a bass. Tre Cool was born on December 9, 1972. His dad had flown helicopters in Vietnam. Wanting to get away from civilization, his dad moved them near the town Willets up in the mountains where their closest neighbor was a mile away. Turns out this neighbor would be a huge influence on Tre Cool. Larry Livermore, a punk rock fan, magazine writer, and musician would let Tre Cool hangout at his house and listen to his records. One of Larrys friends had moved to Brazil and left his drum set at Larrys house. Tre Cool started to play it occasionally and became interested in drumming to punk rock right away. Eventually, Larry recruited Tre to play drums and a local named Kain Kong to play bass. They formed the punk band called The Lookouts. They released their debut 12/cassette single, One Planet One People, on Larrys newly created Lookout! Records. They went on to record a few more albums/eps with Tre on drums. During April 1986, a venue was discovered at 924 Gilman Street, which was a run-down industrial area. Many local punks helped clean up the venue and begin turning it into a real venue; not some run-down abandoned building. After passing the health, safety, and fire inspections, it held its very first show on December 31, 1986. This venue quickly became the staple for many punk bands. A lot of punk bands that made it big in the 1990s started playing shows at Gilman Street. One of these bands was the precursor to Green Day, Sweet Children. Sweet Children formed sometime during 1987. It consisted of Billie Joe, Mike, and they recruited a drummer by the name of John Kiffmeyer, aka Al Sobrante. After a few practices, they played their first show in 1987 at the side lounge at Rods Hickory Pit to about 30 friends and a few patrons wondering what the noise was. The show went over well, and Rod sold enough ribs to invite the band back for a second show. Afterwards, they began playing shows wherever there was a power supply- house parties, garages, and at school. It was at one of these shows that the band first met Larry Livermore. Sweet Children played in front of five people, but they played their hearts out which drew Larrys attention. On November 26, 1988, Sweet Children had their first gig at Gilman Street. They were so well-received that they played again on January 1, 1989, and a third time on February 11, 1989, supporting Chrimpshrine at the bands last show ever. They played their fourth show at Gilman in 3 months on February 24, but this time they were second on the bill, as opposed to opening. In early 1989, Sweet Children went into a local studio and recorded four tracks. Displeased with their current name, they played their last show as Sweet Children on April 1, and changed it to Green Day shortly afterwards. The name was inspired by a remark made by the character Ernie on Sesame Street. They released their first single in April 1989 on Lookout! Records. It was entitled 1,000 Hours, and they released in under their new name Green Day. On March 20, 1989, Operation Ivy played their final show and Green Day also played this show as the first with their new name. Billie Joe had enough of home life by 1989, and he moved out to join Mike living in an abandoned building on West 7th and Peralta, located in West Oakland. He also dropped out of school on February 16, 1990; the day before his 18th birthday. This was a good career move for Billie Joe because it allowed him to focus all his attention to Green Day. After seeing the success of 1,000 Hours, Larry Livermore signed Green Day to Lookout! Records. On December 29, 1989, Green Day entered the studio to begin recording their first full-length and the recording started at 4:30 p.m. By January 2nd, the album was mixed and mastered. The total cost was $675 for the studio time. To test how well the album would do, Larry recorded another single called Slappy, and released that sometime in 1990. It was generally well-received and built their fan base even further and solidified the idea of releasing their first full-length. Early in 1990, Green Days first full-length was released on vinyl, cassette, and CD. The name was 39/Smooth. It was pulled from the band constantly saying smooth. Also, it was Billie Joes brothers 39th birthday and he jokingly mentioned that they should add this somewhere in the title. Billie Joe had one goal in 1990: keeping the band going at all costs. He concentrated on booking a 45-date US tour for the band, and he managed to do so. As soon as Mike graduated school, they left for the tour. On the inlay of the Slappy EP, it read the following: To raise spending money for the tour, Mike shucked clams, Billie Joe flipped pizzas, and John drove a diaper truckà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ During this tour, Billie Joe met a girl in Minnesota named Adrienne, and he fell for her pretty fast. He booked a few tours afterwards around seeing her. While they were touring in Minneapolis, they went into a local studio and recorded four songs for an EP in a low-budget and quick manner. Sweet Children EP was r eleased on Minneapoliss Skene! in late 1990. During July 1990, the Lookouts played their final show. They decided to call it quits because they simply lived too far away from each other to schedule practices. But they also left behind IV, a four track single that featured Billie Joe on lead guitar and backing vocals, which was released in January 1991. Al Sobrante decided to quit Green Day in autumn 1990 in order to go to college full time. Dave EC from Filth and the Wynona Ryders filled in on the drums for a few weeks, but he quit on his own. Finally in November 1990, the two asked Tre Cool to play drums for them. He agreed, and the line-up for Green Day was finally solidified. He fit right in the band with his quirky sense of humor and his energy. They embarked on their first US tour with Tre in 1991. One night after a New Orleans show, they returned to their van only to find that someone had broken in and stolen their money and most of their possessions. Even after that, the band drove through the night to get to their next show in Auburn, Alabama, where fans donated clothes and money to the young band members. On that first tour with Tre, they were supposedly approached by IRS Records, a major record label. But with some self-restraint on Mikes part, they turned down the offer because they knew that the label would have screwed them over in the end. They entered the studio for the first time with their new drummer Tre Cool in 1991. Thanks to the small-time success of their previous album, they had a larger budget, $2,000. Recordings were split between two short sessions in May and September of 1991 with producer/engineer Andy Ernst helping, a total of four days of recording. That autumn, they bought plane tickets to Europe and flew over, while each band member was still only 19. They funded the trip from their modest royalty checks from their Lookout! releases and any U.S. touring profits to pay for basic necessities such as airfare and van hire. Using equipment borrowed from other bands every single night, they played sixty-four shows over the span of three months. We snuck copies of our records over by hand to sell, recalls Mike. To get our own T-shirts made we had to sneak over the photo negative and get a screen made in Germany so we could print them as and when we needed to. Then we had our amp heads, which were hell-heavy to carry. Mine lasted a week and Billies a total of one day. In Denmark if they like you they throw beer at you, so that was very much. Our instruments were toast. There would be anywhere between 50 and 500 people in places like Germany, Poland, and Spain. If they were lucky, theyd get paid above their guarantee of $170, but some shows theyd only get paid with some beer or communal chili. On December 17, 1991, Green Day received the first finished copies of their sophomore album. They decided the show they were playing in Southampton was going to double as a Kerplunk! release party. January 17, 1992 marked the official release of their second album. It was released by Lookout! on CD, vinyl, and cassette. For their next tour in support of Kerplunk!, Tres father bought a former mobile library. He ripped out the interiors and installed bunks, equipment racks, and the odd attempt at home comfort and also, for a while at least, became their new designated driver. In August 1992, at a show at Gilman, Green Day brought out a couple of new tunes. Longview and Better Not Come Around (which was the early version of When I Come Around) received great reactions from the crowd, and the songs sounded like their best and tightest material to date. After touring without management, they decided this needed to change. They contacted Cahnman Management, a company run by two attorneys, Elliot Cahn and Jeff Saltzman, who had previously worked with Primus, the Melvins, and Mudhoney and had impressed Green Day. So they hired them for the job. Immediately, their managers began approaching major record labels, tempting them with a band who sold over 50,000 albums based on just raw talent alone. The members of the band were all living together in the basement of a large, ramshackle, student-dominated Victorian house at 2243 Ashby Street, which was just down the block from the pristine entrance to the esteemed University of Berkeley. They were getting many calls from major record labels, who heard that this young cult had now sold a total of 60,000 copies of their cheaply recorded independent releases and wanted this band to sign to their roster. Warner Bros., Geffen, Sony and everybodys mother wanted to sign us, said Tre, but we held off for quite a long time. Why? Because David Geffens money was paying for us to go to Disneyland. We kind of milked them. We wanted to hold out until we got complete artistic control. We wanted to be the bosses and not let somebody else tell us what to do. Of course, the first offer is bull****, the second slightly less, the third still kind of sucksà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦we thought F*** this, its our lives. Its like getting married or something. This would all change when they met Rob Cavallo of Reprise Records, a subsidiary label of Warner Brothers. He was different than all the other higher ups; he actually played guitar and came from a musical background. Also, he had worked with other punk bands such as Jawbreaker and the Muffs, and this had sparked Green Days interest. The way he got through to them was he brought his guitar and joined them in jamming, then later went out for ice cream with them. It was that day that he convinced them to join the roster. Finally in April 1993, they signed to Warner Bros./Reprise for an initial deal of five albums, with the plan that Cavallo would produce their major label debut. Also, they made sure that Lookout! would still own the rights to their first two albums, the idea being that the indie labels support would earn them money even if Green Day was no longer with them, a move which has paid off very well for Livermore and Co. over the past 10 years. Although Lookout! had just lost their most profitable band, the combined sales of 39/Smooth and Kerplunk! had reached the one million mark by the close of 1995, so they were still making money off Green Day. They played their last two shows at Gilman Street that year, never to look back. While recording their next album Dookie, they had a much larger budget and more time to lay down tracks in the studio. When the album was completed, they played a bunch of dates over the summer with Bad Religion on their Recipe for Hate tour. Dookie was finally released on January 11, 1994. The lead single from the album was Longview. It quickly topped the Billboard Modern Rock chart. Billie Joe was the first in the band to get married. He tied the knot with his long-time lover Adrienne in a quick ceremony in July. The next day, his wife revealed that she had been feeling somewhat different recently, so they stopped to pick up a pregnancy test. A few minutes later, the newlyweds discovered they were about to become parents. The same year, Green Days popularity was on the rise. They were asked to replace the opening band the Boredoms in Lollapalooza 1994. Another huge deal for them was when they were asked to play Woodstock 94, as a late addition. This was a day to go down in history. They arrived in upstate New York on August 11, and it had been raining continuously. The ground was completely churned up and all mud. As they began playing songs, the crowd went nuts and began flinging clumps of dirt and mud everywhere. Billie Joe caught the first clod and put it in his mouth. Eventually, he took off his pants as the crowd went even wilder. Fans began climbing on stage to get closer, and soon a riot broke out. The band had to be hauled away in a helicopter to escape the crazed fans. The summer of 1994 was a busy time for them. Their music video for Longview had been nominated by the 1994 MTV Video Music Awards at the Metropolitan City Opera House for Best Group Video and Best Alternative Video. The next night they had a show in Ohio. The whole summer consisted of flying all over the US from show to show, night after night. Their next big stint was a show in September set up by a Boston radio station that attracted about 100,000 people. Within minutes of hitting the stage, the crowd had surged forward and knocked over safety barriers and havoc broke out. They were concerned that the entire lighting rig was going to come down, so the promoter pulled the plug. This just made the crowd riot even harder and spill out onto the streets of downtown Boston. The night concluded with 60 arrests and dozens of injuries. A very respectable thing to do, the band had a policy that door prices were to be kept affordable with a ceiling price of $20, even though they could charge much more. Sometimes shows even went as low as $5, and their official t-shirts cost a maximum of $10. They were still receiving much controversy from the punk community though. People were claiming that they had sold out when they signed to a major record label and that they had compromised their music. Sometime in 1994, someone was so opposed to Green Day signing that they wrote Billie Joe Must Die on a wall at 924 Gilman Street. One night, a fan asked Billie Joe Whats punk? He then kicked over a garbage can and exclaimed, Thats punk! So the fan kicked over a garbage can too and replied, Thats punk? And Billie Joe then replied, No, thats trendy. Billie Joe still knew what punk was and still had it in him, even though his band was selling millions of albums and quickly becoming the hottest band of the 1990s. They had lived the lifestyle of true punks for many years before they struck it big. One would think that their dedicated fans would be happy for them being successful after sticking it out through the tough times; going through years of having no money. If anyone deserved to make it huge, it was definitely Green Day. Since its release, Dookie has sold over 16 million copies worldwide and is the bands top selling album. They have sold over 65 million copies worldwide and are undeniably one of the biggest rock bands there are today. If it wasnt for their music, the whole music scene might be a lot different than it is today. Punk wouldnt have taken the mainstream spotlight in the 1990s, and most punk bands that formed around the same time as Green Day wouldnt have made it as big as they did. Green Day single-handedly changed the direction of music in the 1990s.

AIDS/HIV Research :: essays research papers

This study used content analysis to identify dominant AIDS-HIV themes in the manifest news content of AP, Reuters, AFP, ITAR-TASS, and IPS. A systematic random sample of AIDS-HIV stories disseminated by the five wire services between May 1991 and May 1997 (both months included) was obtained. This decade was selected because several empirical studies of coverage in the 1980s have been conducted; however, few studies examine the 1990s. The decision to examine the print news media was driven by the nature of the issue being explored. Previous research indicated (Nelkin, 1991; Stroman & Seltzer, 1989) that when it comes to complex and ambiguous issues (e.g., AIDS-HIV), print news provides more in-depth information than broadcast news. News consumers tend to consult print news for the details, whereas broadcast news provides the broad strokes. For instance, the Princeton Survey Research Associates (1996) study of AIDS coverage by the U.S. media found that the print media accorded more analytical coverage when compared to broadcast offerings. Full texts of all the stories in the sample were downloaded from the online LEXIS-NEXIS news and information database service.(n7) With a random starting point, every fifth story in the universe was selected to obtain a 20% sample. The story was the unit of analysis. The sample comprised a total of 635 stories. Following is the breakdown of these stories according to wire services: Reuters = 287, AFP = 155, AP = 78, ITAR-TASS = 34, and IPS = 81 (N = 635). Detailed coding categories were developed. The Princeton Survey Research Associates (1996) content analysis of AIDS-HIV coverage by the U.S. news media guided the formation of some of the categories. The world region category was guided by the Mayo and Pasadeos (1991) study of the international focus of U.S. business magazines. Following are the main categories that were used to code each story. Detailed operational definitions were developed for each category. Straightforward categories such as date, length of story, wire, and so forth are not included: 1. Dateline-world region: The choices available were: North America (United States and Canada), Central America and the Caribbean, Latin America, Western Europe (including Turkey and Greece), Eastern Europe, Russia and former Soviet republics, China, the Middle East, North Africa, sub-Saharan Africa (including South Africa), developing Asia (mostly South and some Southeast Asia), developed Asia (mostly East and Southeast Asia), Oceania (Australia, New Zealand, and other Pacific Islands), global, the United Nations and other similar global organizations, and other/none.

Moral Struggle in Great Expectations

Moral Struggles of Great Expectations Pip is the main character of the novel desires to fulfil his expectations and the world he lives in does not gladly provide an easy way to his dream. Joe is his brother-in-law and his angry sister’s husband who treats Pip much better than her, just because he happens to have a bog heart. In the beginning of the novel, prior to Pip being exposed to the world he feels that he can satisfy his expectations, Joe and Pip are equals – the humbleness and loyalty that Joe displays are often similar to that of a child. Joe is comfortable with who he is and while he desires to learn from Pip once he becomes educated, he does not seek to be anything other than what he is. This, ideally, would have been a priceless lesson for Pip to learn, as it would have spared Pip from losing himself in a complex and corrupt world. Sadly, yet pivotally to the intrigue of the plot, it is only once Pip realises the error in his ways that he can see the true gentleman in Joe. Interestingly, it is something he identifies early on when he comments that â€Å"[I] was looking up to Joe in my heart† (49). This is not simply an affection of love, yet one of admiration and respect. It is once Joe repays Pip’s debts, and leaves to save Pip the ‘embarrassment’ of associating with him, that Pip realises the quality of Joe’s character. Joe embodies the true gentleman; while not of class, his character is class, and he continually displays qualities of loyalty and fidelity that Pip believes can be embodied by outward displays of wealth and education. Pip learns from Joe – albeit in hindsight and through his own personal crises – that wealth and class are not fundamental to being a gentleman. Mr Jaggers, the attorney of Pip’s mysterious benefactor and a ruthless and respected man in society, represents what Pip could become in the society he loses himself in. His standing as a gentleman is not based in the quality of his character (as he is a portrayed as a defence lawyer, interacting with dubious suspects on a daily basis with a fierce and powerful manner) but in the fearful respect he commands in society. So complex is Mr Jagger’s character that he is able to command respect from Pip, despite that he â€Å"hardly knew what to make of Mr Jagger’s manner. Wemmick suggests that Mr Jaggers would â€Å"take it as a compliment† to know that Pip felt that way. (196) It is clear, however, that Pip admires Mr Jaggers, as is evident in Chapter 20 of the novel. Pip is privy to Mr Jaggers' mannerisms when dealing with clients. Pip, despite being introduced to Mr Jaggers’ character in this manner, is clearly infatuated with his power and status an d accepts him as a gentleman. Ironically, Mr Jaggers’ was not born into wealth either, but rather worked his way up to his position of power. Pip ignores this fact, and it is only after he learns the truth about his journey to becoming a gentleman that he realises that Mr Jaggers does not represent a true gentleman either. He is yet another representation of how wealth and power are in fact far removed from being a gentleman. The irony is that Mr Jaggers’ true character is never hidden from Pip, and thus so great are his expectations, that he is blinded to the blatant truth about a true gentleman’s role in society. The character Abel Magwitch (initially referred to as the convict, and only revealed as Pip’s benefactor as the climax of the novel) is not only the catalyst to a growth into manhood and morality for Pip, but the character from whom Pip learns the most from during their interaction. As the convict, Magwitch is nothing but a source of latent fear for Pip. The intrigue surrounding the identity of the benefactor and the assumptions the reader makes compliments the idea that he is a source of fear, and nothing else. At the climax of the novel, when it is revealed to Pip that it is Abel Magwitch, a convict and fugitive, who has bestowed his new riches on the boy who tried to help him years previously, Pip’s expectations and belief in the gentleman he thinks he is, is shattered. As Pip believes his benefactor was Miss Havisham, and that she has been grooming him for Estella, and to become a true gentleman, he never questions the validity of his essence as a gentleman. Upon learning that the source of his education and wealth – and ultimately his status as a gentleman – is in fact a convict, his identity is crushed. It is to his horror that the source of his status as a gentleman is the absolute antithesis of a gentleman in his eyes. Pip thus has to come to terms with the idea that it is not the outward appearance of a man that determines his character. This is also echoed in Chapter 5 of the novel, when Magwitch/the convict confesses to stealing food from Mrs Joe to save Pip from being implicated. Pip has to accept that the class he was trying to distance himself from embodies something to aspire to. Towards the end of the novel, Pip displays his growth as he reflects that in Magwitch he â€Å"only saw a man who had meant to be my benefactor, and who had felt affectionately gratefully and generously towards me with great constancy through a series of years. I only saw in him a much better man than I had been to Joe. (440) Thus Pip identifies himself as less of a gentleman than that of Joe and Magwitch, illustrating that he has come full circle, to acknowledging his faults in his perception of his status as a gentleman due to his wealth and education. Herbert represents who Pip could become. Despite his lack of wealth initially, he is every inch a gentleman and upon receiving money at the request of Pip, he starts his own law firm and builds a successful career for himself, thus fulfilling the desires that Pip believed he strove for. Pip chooses to misuse the wealth that is bestowed upon him, and it is after Pip learns the valuable lessons from Joe, Jaggers and Magwitch, that he realises that Herbert is the gentleman he aspires to become. While the irony of the source of Herbert’s wealth being indirectly from Pip is not unclear and certainly not unimportant, is it Pip’s realisation that it is not the source of wealth and status that makes one a gentleman, but the manner in which one’s character is displayed in the consequences of one’s actions. Pip learns to assume responsibility from his destiny from the success of Herbert. It is evident that valuable lessons about the character displayed in actions are prevalent in Great Expectations. Joe, Jaggers, Magwitch and Herbert (albeit not as forcefully) offer insight into the quality of one’s character as an internal embodiment of class. Jaggers fails to impress, whereas Magwitch and Joe display varying yet quintessential attributes of gentlemen. Herbert is the opposite pole to Jaggers, representing what Pip can become by embodying gentlemanly characteristics, rather than trying to live like one. Pip learns various aspects of the same intrinsic lesson from all these characters: that is it not the quality of the life of the man, but the quality of the man, that speaks of his character. Pip loses this sense during the course of the novel, and it is the interaction with these characters that gradually return him to a path of fulfilling his greatest expectations and dreams.

The Big Bang Essay

The Big Bang Essay The Big Bang Essay Before our universe was created there was something that had happened to have created the universe. The big bang theory was a major part of why the universe was created. There are so many things that had to be contributed to the big bang theory. We don’t really know what will happen to our universe in the future but we can make predictions about it and we can use evidence and justifications to predict what will happen. The Big Bang Theory is the leading explanation about how the universe began. At its simplest, it talks about the universe as we know it starting with a small singularity, then inflating over the next 13.8 billion years to the cosmos that we know today. Because current instruments don't allow astronomers to peer back at the universe's birth, much of what we understand about the Big Bang Theory comes from mathematical theory and models. Astronomers can, however, see the "echo" of the expansion through a phenomenon known as the cosmic microwave background. The phrase "Big Bang Theory" has been popular among astrophysicists for decades, but it hit the mainstream in 2007 when a comedy show with the same name premiered on CBS. The Big Bang theory is an effort to explain what happened at the very beginning of our universe. Discoveries in astronomy and physics have shown beyond a reasonable doubt that our universe did in fact have a beginning. Prior to that moment there was nothing; during a nd after that moment there was something: our universe. The big bang theory is an effort to explain what happened during and after that moment. There are many misconceptions surrounding the Big Bang theory. For example, we tend to imagine a giant explosion. Experts however say that there was no explosion; there was (and continues to be) an expansion. Rather than imagining a balloon popping and releasing its contents, imagine a balloon expanding: an infinitesimally small balloon expanding to the size of our current universe. Another misconception is that we tend to image the singularity as a little fireball appearing somewhere in space. According to the many experts however, space didn't exist prior to the Big Bang. Back in the late '60s and early '70s, when men first walked upon the moon, "three British astrophysicists, Steven Hawking, George Ellis, and Roger Penrose turned their attention to the Theory of Relativity and its implications regarding our notions of time. In 1968 and 1970, they published papers in which they extended Einstein's Theory of General Relativity to include measurements of time and space. According to their calculations, time and space had a finite beginning that corresponded to the origin of matter and energy. I also know that there was a Big Bang is the fact that as things are moving closer to you the waves get compressed and as they are moving away from you the waves get stretched out. With light the shorter waves are the blue and the longer ones are the red and the further away a galaxy is the more red shifted it is indicating that the galaxies are all moving away from each other indicating that the universe was once much smaller and that at one time it was a singularity, which expanded until it got to the size it is today. We may still be far from answering the question â€Å"what is the future for our universe† but we are at least able to predict certain possibilities. In our current view of the Universe there are 2 possible futures from studies. One possibility is that the Universe will come to an end in the opposite of a Big Bang called The Big Crunch. There is enough matter in the Universe eventually gravitational forces will

The Byzantine Roman Emperor Justinian

The Byzantine Roman Emperor Justinian Name: (At birth) Petrus Sabbatius; Flavius Petrus Sabbatius JustinianusBirthplace: ThraceDates: c.482, at Tauresium - 565Ruled: April 1, 527 (jointly with his uncle Justin until August 1) - November 14, 565Wife: Theodora Justinian was a Christian emperor of the Roman Empire on the cusp between Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Justinian is sometimes called The Last of the Romans. In Byzantine Matters, Averil Cameron writes that Edward Gibbon didnt know if Justinian belonged in the category of the Roman emperors who had come before or the Greek kings of the Byzantine Empire who came after him. History remembers Emperor Justinian for his reorganization of the government of the Roman Empire and his codification of the laws, the Codex Justinianus, in A.D. 534. Justinian Family Data An Illyrian, Justinian was born Petrus Sabbatius in A.D. 483 in Tauresium, Dardania (Yugoslavia), a Latin-speaking area of the Empire. Justinians childless uncle became the Roman Emperor Justin I in A.D. 518. He adopted Justinian either before or after he became emperor; hence the name Justinianus. Justinians own birth-based status in society was not high enough to command respect without the imperial office, and his wifes position was even worse. Justinians wife, Theodora, was the daughter of a bear-keeper father who became bear-keeper to the Blues (relevant to the Nika Revolts, below), an acrobat mother, and she herself is considered to have been a courtesan. The DIR article on Justinian says Procopius claims Justinians aunt, Empress Euphemia, by marriage, so disapproved the marriage that Justinian waited until she died (before 524) before even starting to deal with the legal impediments to the marriage. Death Justinian died on November 14, 565, in Constantinople. Career Justinian became Caesar in 525. On April 4, 527, Justin made Justinian his co-emperor and gave him the rank of Augustus. Justinians wife Theodora received the rank of Augusta. Then, when Justin died on August 1, 527, Justinian went from joint to sole emperor. Persian Wars and Belisarius Justinian inherited conflict with the Persians. His commander Belisarius obtained a peace treaty in 531. The truce was broken in 540 and so Belisarius was again sent off to deal with it. Justinian also dispatched Belisarius to settle problems in Africa and Europe. Belisarius could do little against the Ostrogoths in Italy. Religious Controversy The religious position of the Monophysites (whom Justinians wife, Empress Theodora, supported) conflicted with the accepted Christian doctrine from the Council of Chalcedon (A.D. 451). Justinian was unable to do anything to resolve the differences. He even alienated the pope in Rome, creating a schism. Justinian expelled teachers of paganism from the Academy in Athens, closing the schools of Athens, in 529. In 564, Justinian adopted the heresy of Aphthartodocetism and tried to impose it. Before the matter was resolved, Justinian died, in 565. Nika Riots However improbable it may seem, this event was born of extreme sports fanaticism and corruption. Justinian and Theodora were Blues fans. Despite fan loyalty, they attempted to reduce the influence of both teams, but too late. The Blue and Green teams created a disturbance in the Hippodrome on June 10, 532. Seven ringleaders were executed, but one of each side survived and became a rallying point that integrated fans of both teams. They and their fans began shouting Nika Victory in the Hippodrome. Now a mob, they appointed a new emperor. Justinians military leaders prevailed and slaughtered 30,000 rioters. Building Projects The damage caused to Constantinople by the Nika Revolt paved the way for Constantines building project, according to DIR Justinian, by James Allan Evans. Procopius book On Buildings [De aedificiis] describes Justinians building projects that included aqueducts and bridges, monasteries, orphanages, hostels, and the Hagia Sophia, which still stands in Constantinople/Istanbul.

Lockheed Martin Corporation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Lockheed Martin Corporation - Essay Example The operations of the corporation are divided into different segments comprising electronic systems (27%), aeronautics (27%), information systems and global solutions (27%) and space systems (19%). Today, US government contracts account for much of the corporation’s revenue while foreign government contracts also make up a substantial share of the revenue. On the other hand, orders from commercial clients only make up a mere 2 % of the total revenue the corporation nets in a year. In 1996, the corporation finalized the plans to acquire Lorad Corporation which subsequently became part of the Corporation at a cost of $9.1 billion. Like any other global corporation engaging thousands of employees across the world, Lockheed is certainly faced with a myriad of challenges that normally define business operations in the present world. One of the greatest challenges facing the corporation is the need to address employee concerns and effectively tackle the aspects of employee and indus trial relations without many problems like is always the case. On certain instances the corporation has had to face the challenge of striking workers and go slow as employees complained about various aspects relating to their operations in the organization (Terris, 2010). In that regard, the aspect of dealing with these employee concerns has been one of the greatest employee challenges affecting the organization. Like most workers in the industry, most of Lockheed’s workers are unionized under the International Association of Machinists and Aerospace workers and are always part and parcel of the activities steered by the association. The International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers is a worker organization which draws its origin in 1888 when a group of nineteen machinists came together and formed the Order of the United Machinists and Mechanical Engineers. With time, the small organization grew up in membership and adopted the present name. The organization h as had a turbulent history characterized by the growth of labor movements in the twentieth century. The growth of the union went in tandem with the development of the transport industry throughout the years as more and more workers became employed in the industry. During its formation, the organization was generally a secret affair given that employers of the time were very critical and hostile toward organized labor movements. However, the Order rapidly spread beyond its formation zone of Georgia and was soon a recognized affair in the United States. Much of the growth in the membership of the union was mostly evidenced during the World Wars when workers in the transport industry increased owing to the increased demand of vehicles and airplanes. In the course of the 1970s, the union was segmented into several divisions dealing with specific issues affecting the members. These included civil right, organizing, older workers and retired workers and women. At a convection held in 1984 in Seattle, Washington, the delegates voted and decided to use the Placid Harbor Education Center in order to train and educate the members of the union. In 1998, the center was renamed to the Winpisinger Education and Technology Center in order to recognize and honor the late President of the union. Throughout history, the union has always addressed the issues affecting

Marketing outline of a selected organisation Assignment

Marketing outline of a selected organisation - Assignment Example Marketing strategy takes into consideration a thorough analysis of external and internal environments. Marketing mix modelling is a key factor during scanning of internal environment. This aspect even includes analysis of strategic constraints and its overall performance. The external environmental factors mainly comprises of target market analysis, customer analysis, competitor analysis along with evaluation of external environmental factors such as political, economic, legal, social and technological. Marketing strategies designed by an organization usually differs from another organization. These strategies are highly dependent on particular business scenario. Real life marketing needs to focus on external environmental conditions, market opportunity, uncertainties, and optimum utilization of available resources. In this study wide array of marketing concepts shall be applied on a UK based organization called Tesco. Tesco is a renowned multinational general merchandise and grocery retailer based in United Kingdom. The company has its retail stores located across 12 countries and is regarded as UK’s grocery market leader. Across the globe Tesco is considered to be second largest retailer in terms of revenue margins. The organization was founded in 1919 and since then it has implemented best marketing strategies. There are widespread aspects which are followed while designing its marketing strategy. Firstly different products or services of Tesco possesses specific target market segment. Their overall positioning strategy states that the firm is focused towards offering quality products at reasonable price. This marketing concept has enabled the company to remain competitive in the market place. In recent scenario the company has diversified into many areas like books, petrol, furniture, clothing, toys, electronics, financial services, internet, telecom, etc. This kind of diversification has supported the company to acquire greater percentage of

Neoliberal Globalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Neoliberal Globalization - Essay Example As the research stresses there is a great difference in â€Å"being free to conduct a wisely-planned activity to gain both tangible and intangible outcomes† and â€Å"not to be under control†. Seemingly, those two aspects are mixed, and as the result the global situation is far from being perfect. The issue of freedom is closely intertwined with the topic of neo-liberalism. The present paper aims to review the issues of the neo-liberalism and worldwide integration and conclude if the positive outcomes will be possible in case neoliberal worldwide integration continues its movement without any changes applied to its current outlook. According to the paper findings despite the fact the key features of worldwide integration were widely implemented many decades ago, this definition appeared recently in 1970th. The story of international cooperation and trade turns back to even thousands years ago. However, that issue was mostly about trade. Nowadays, being global is rather the necessity. Of course, trade is a powerful instrument of enrichment, moreover, if it is about its international feature. However, even being a consequent element, trade is not the only one in the elements’ list of worldwide integration. In addition to trade, political achievements, religious features, economic successes, and scientific innovations are the important elements of global cooperation. Moreover, it is impossible in the current situation for this or that society to stay beside the global way of things, unless the situation is about a tribe somewhere deep in the jungle.

Management Accounting Essay Example for Free

Management Accounting Essay Economists and accountants have diametrically opposite views of cost-volume profit (CVP) behaviour but only accountants have a CVP model that is appropriate for assisting management with decision making Ryan Bebbington Word Count 1796 Economists and accountants have diametrically opposite views of cost-volume profit (CVP) behaviour but only accountants have a CVP model that is appropriate for assisting management with decision making Cost volume profit analysis looks into the relationship between a firms fixed and variable costs and total revenues across a varying level of production. The model will give a predicted level of profit at a given level of production. There are many ways that CVP analysis can be useful for decision making, it is important to distinguish between the different applications of the Economists and Accountants interpretations, as well as other factors involved in decision making. CVP analysis is used in management decisions when forecasting production levels. To use this model effectively, Management will look at different scenarios of output, prices and costs, and see where the model predicts the firms revenues will cover its total costs. This point is known as the breakeven point. Management can investigate the effects of price increases, changing costs from fixed to variable such as salaries to commission based pay. Managers can also investigate the outcomes from decisions such as making components in house or buying in, retaining or replacing equipment and marketing decisions. They can also investigate the sales mix. By having a prediction of the effects of these variables, managers will be able to make better decisions, as they have more information. CVP is a simplified model and thus has limitations to its analysis and predictions. When managers are aware of the limitations and how to correctly use CVP analysis it can be a powerful tool. Managers must be aware that there are assumptions that are made to simplify the CVP tool, as it cannot truly model the real business, as it would be far too complicated. The economists interpretation of the CVP graph, Figure 1, is based on two main assumptions, which explain the shape of the cost and revenue curves. The first assumption, which affects the revenue curve is that the firm is competing on price competition, this means that in order to increase sales, the firm must reduce the marginal selling price of the product. This causes the firms revenue curve to level off, as the marginal revenue falls to à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0, as in figure 1b. After this point the firm is selling at a negative price, causing the firms total revenue to fall. The second assumption is based on the firms cost curve, is based on economies and diseconomies of scale. The firms economies of scale cause the variable cost per unit to decrease as production increases, as in figure 1b. This can be due to any of the economies of scale, such as purchasing, where a discount for bulk buying is received, managerial, where managers can become more specialised, financial where the firm is offered lower interest rates as there is a lower risk of lending. The Total cost curve will level off as these increasing returns to scale cause the production to reach a level of most efficient output. After this the firm will experience decreasing returns to scale, as the plant is operating at a higher production level than it was designed for, causing problems in production, such as bottlenecks in the production line. This causes the average unit cost to increase again, giving the curve its shape. It is important to understand that Economists are trying to most accurately model real world situations, rather than create a tool for management decisions. The accountants CVP model, figure 2, is based on a simpler interpretation of the cost and revenue functions, this is because Accountants are not concerned with provided an accurate representation of the cost and revenue functions, instead they wish to display the relevant ranges, figure 3, of production for the firm. As this is the information that is used for short-run decision making, as this is the time frame where the information is most useful for management decision making, information for longer term decision making is required for board level decisions, to do with the long term objectives of the company. The information that the firm uses to produce its cost and revenue curves is extracted from previous operating costs and revenues, this ensures that the information is reliable. The Accountants cost function, is a straight line, which assumes that for each additional unit produced, a standard variable cost is incurred, the assumption that production will only be occurring in a relevant range means that the firms production will not alter enough to cause increasing or decreasing returns to scale. The Accountants interpretation of the fixed cost curve is different to the Economists view because it meets the Y axis at a higher point, which indicates that the Accountants believe that firms are committed to a higher minimum level of fixed costs. This is because although a firm may reduce its fixed costs to a lower level, as in the Economists interpretation, the firm can only do this by redundancies and shutting down plants. As the Accountants model only represents a relevant range, the fixed costs cannot be reduced to this level in the short run, when this interpretation is extended outside of the relevant range, a stepped fixed cost and total function will be seen, as in figure 3. The other difference is that the revenue function is linear. This is because in the short run, firms cannot change the price of their products easily; it may also be because of firms competing on non-price, rather than price competition. As Accountants make no attempt to extend the revenue function outside of the relevant range, there is no need to model the firms decrease in product price to increase demand. The Accountants interpretation of the Cost Volume Profit model is more appropriate for Management decisions, as management decisions are not concerned with long term information. This is because the Board of Directors will be making the firms long term decisions. The information that the Economists model provides, includes a lot of information outside of this relevant range, this will affect the reliability of the data in the model. The data in the model will be less reliable as it is more difficult to accurately predict the behaviour of the cost and revenue functions, outside of the relevant range, as it is not based on past sales data. It will also be more expensive to compile the information needed as it is a more complex model. It can also be argued that some managers will find it difficult to interpret the Economists model, as the information will be more complex. Managers may wish to extend the CVP model to cover longer term decisions, will need to be aware of the long term behaviour of fixed costs. In the long term, firms will have a greater control over fixed costs, they can expand capacity by increasing floor space, hiring more supervisors and upgrading or purchasing new machinery. Which will give the firms fixed cost line a step function. Other factors will also affect the firms revenue and cost curves, such as advertising strategies, changes in political, environmental, social, economical, and legal factors, such as a change in VAT rate. These factors cannot easily be planned for and are not easily shown in long term CVP analysis, which is the main reason that CVP cannot accurately model long term production. One of the features useful for decision making, is the ability to display the information in different methods, one of these is the Margin of safety. This is the difference between the expected sales and break even sales, expressed as a percentage of the expected sales. It shows management the level that sales can fall by before the companys revenue falls below the breakeven point. The information can also be displayed as two other charts. The first is a contribution chart, figure 4, in this chart, the fixed costs are shown as the difference between the variable cost line and the total cost line. The total contribution is displayed as the difference between the revenue line and the variable cost line. It is useful for showing a total contribution level at any level of output. The other presentation is the Profit volume graph, figure 5; this graph is useful because the other two charts to not directly display the profit at any given level of production as it must be calculated. The P-V graph simply displays the firms profit or loss at any given level of production. These two graphs will be useful for management decisions concerned with contribution or profits at a given level of production. Once again, the economists version of these two graphs would be far too complicated, and the information will not be reliable enough to base management decisions on. In the real world, firms will be producing multi products, and spreading the overhead costs across each of these products. A firm may wish to alter the CVP analysis to reflect their product mix. This is done by grouping production into batches. The batches revenue and variable costs will be defined as the total of the products in the batch. The values for the batch are then applied to the CVP chart in the same way as a single product. For the CVP model to be used effectively by managers, they must be aware of the assumptions made whilst preparing and gathering the information. If management are not aware of the assumptions made in the data, then they will be unable to draw relevant conclusions from the information. The assumptions i are that all other variables remain constant; there is a constant sales mix, total costs and revenues are linear functions of output, profits are calculated using variable costing, the analysis only applies to the relevant range, costs can be divided into fixed and variable elements, it only applies to the short term, and fixed costs do not change. In conclusion, the Accountants interpretation of the CVP analysis, as shown by the underlying assumptions, will allow managers to develop a more relevant understanding of the information, so that it can be used more effectively in decision making. If managers tried to use the economists CVP graph, the cost of gathering and interpreting the data would be high, as well as making the information more difficult to understand and less reliable. In the real world, the Accountants model may be considered too simplistic, as it relies on many assumptions and conditions, which are often not met. This is why it important to understand that the Accountants CVP model may not be applicable. For the CVP analysis to be effective, managers must be aware of the limitations of the model, otherwise they will be unprepared for any deviations from the outputs of the model.